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	<div id="textFaoLogo"><a href="http://www.fao.org" title="Food and Agriculture of the United Nations home page" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false"><img src="/pimsweb/img/fao_logo.gif" alt="FAO Logo" class="floatLeft" /></a><p>FOOD AND AGRICULTURE OF THE UNITED NATIONS<br />

<span class="italicText">helping to build a world without hunger</span></p>
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   	<li><a href="/pimsweb" title="Pollination Information Management System" class="current">POLLINATION INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM [PIMS]</a></li>
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   <ul>
    <li class="first">PIMS QUESTIONS</li>
    <li class="current" id="active">What are the pollination needs of a particular crop?</li>
    <li><a href="/pimsweb/jsp/manage/manage.jsp">What is the current understanding of managing pollination of a particular crop?</a></li>
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    <li><a href="/pimsweb/jsp/pollinteractions/pollinteractions.jsp">What is known about the pollinators of this crop?</a></li>
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   <h1>Pollination Need of Crops</h1>
   <h2>What are the pollination needs of a particular crop?</h2>
 
   <p>The leading global food crops as reported in FAOSTAT have been 
   evaluated for their dependence on animal pollinators.  Information for each 
   crop evaluated is searchable here, by entering the name of a given crop - either 
   the common name or the scientific name.</p>

   <!--start form-->
  <form action="/pimsweb/pollinationNeeds.do" id="query">
  	<label>Enter name of crop (common or scientific name):</label>
    <input id="nameofcrop" name="nameofcrop" type="text" size="60" />
    <input id="scientificName" name="scientificName" type="text" size="60" style="display:none;"/>
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   <!--query result-->
   <div id="result">
   
   <logic:present name="pollneed">
  
  		
  	  	
  		<!-- General impact -->
	 	<p>
			<strong><bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)</strong> shows no increase in yields in response
			to animal pollinators.
		</p>
		<!-- End og General impact -->
		
		<!-- Specific impact -->
		
		<!-- End of Specific impact -->
		
		<!-- Breeding system -->
		<p>
			<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> plants have a breeding system that is termed "<bean:write name="pollneed" property="breedingSystem"/>".
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="breedingSystem" value="hermaphrodite, varying level of self-incompatibility among varieties ">
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.breedingSystem.hermaphroditeVaryingLevelOfSelfIncompatibilityAmongVarieties"/>
			</logic:equal>
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="breedingSystem" value="hermaphrodite, self-compatible">
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.breedingSystem.hermaphroditeVaryingLevelOfSelfIncompatibilityAmongVarieties"/>
			</logic:equal>
		</p>
		<!-- End of breeding system -->
		
		<!-- Pollination in the absence of visitors -->
		<p>
			<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.novisitors.header"/>
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="">
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.novisitors.empty"/>
			</logic:equal>
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="unknown">
				The mechanism for setting fruit or seeds with animal pollination for 
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/>
				is unknown.
			</logic:equal>
			
			
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="passive self-pollination">
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)
				is capable of setting fruit or seeds in the absence of animal pollination, by means of 
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors"/>.
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.novisitors.passiveSelfPollination"/>
			</logic:equal>
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="passive self-pollination and wind pollination">
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)
				is capable of setting fruit or seeds in the absence of animal pollination, by means of 
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors"/>.
				<bean:message key="ppollinationNeeds.novisitors.passiveSelfPollinationAndWindPollination"/>
			</logic:equal>
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="apomixis in some varieties">
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)
				is capable of setting fruit or seeds in the absence of animal pollination, by means of 
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors"/>.
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.novisitors.apomixisInSomeVarieties"/>
			</logic:equal>
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="apomixis, but initiation requires pollination">
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)
				is capable of setting fruit or seeds in the absence of animal pollination, by means of 
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors"/>.
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.novisitors.apomixisInitiationRequiresPollination"/>
			</logic:equal>
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="hand pollination">
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)
				is capable of setting fruit or seeds in the absence of animal pollination, by means of 
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors"/>.
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.novisitors.handPollination"/>
			</logic:equal>
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="wind pollination">
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)
				is capable of setting fruit or seeds in the absence of animal pollination, by means of 
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors"/>.
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.novisitors.windPollination"/>
			</logic:equal>
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="wind pollination with little self-pollination">
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)
				is capable of setting fruit or seeds in the absence of animal pollination, by means of 
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors"/>.
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.novisitors.windPollinationWithLittleSelfPollination"/>
			</logic:equal>
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="mostly passive self-pollination, with some wind-pollination">
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)
				is capable of setting fruit or seeds in the absence of animal pollination, by means of 
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors"/>.
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.novisitors.mostlyPassiveSelfPollinationWithSomeWindPollination"/>
			</logic:equal>
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="mostly wind-pollination with some passive self-pollination">
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)
				is capable of setting fruit or seeds in the absence of animal pollination, by means of 
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors"/>.
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.novisitors.mostlyWindPollinationWithSomePassiveSelfPollination"/>
			</logic:equal>
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="passive self-pollination (many varieties being cleistogamous)">
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)
				is capable of setting fruit or seeds in the absence of animal pollination, by means of 
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors"/>.
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.novisitors.passiveSelfPollinationManyVarietiesBeingCleistogamus"/>
			</logic:equal>
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="passive self-pollination in some varieties and hand pollination">
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)
				is capable of setting fruit or seeds in the absence of animal pollination, by means of 
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors"/>.
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.novisitors.passiveSelfPollinationInSomeVarietiesAndHandPollination"/>
			</logic:equal>
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="passive self-pollination possible only in andro-monoecious varieties">
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)
				is capable of setting fruit or seeds in the absence of animal pollination, by means of 
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors"/>.
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.novisitors.passiveSelfPollinationPossibleOnlyInAndromonoeciousVarieties"/>
			</logic:equal>
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="passive self-pollination, but very low">
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)
				is capable of setting fruit or seeds in the absence of animal pollination, by means of 
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors"/>.
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.novisitors.passiveSelfPollinationVeryLow"/>
			</logic:equal>
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="passive self-pollination and hand pollination">
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)
				is capable of setting fruit or seeds in the absence of animal pollination, by means of 
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors"/>.
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.novisitors.passiveSelfPollinationAndHandPollination"/>
			</logic:equal>
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="parthenocarpy">
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)
				is capable of setting fruit or seeds in the absence of animal pollination, by means of 
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors"/>.
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.novisitors.parthenocarpy"/>
			</logic:equal>
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="passive self-pollination and parthenocarpy">
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)
				is capable of setting fruit or seeds in the absence of animal pollination, by means of 
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors"/>.
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.novisitors.passiveSelfPollinationAndParthenocarpy"/>
			</logic:equal>
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="passive self-pollination and parthenocarpy in some varieties">
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)
				is capable of setting fruit or seeds in the absence of animal pollination, by means of 
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors"/>.
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.novisitors.passiveSelfPollinationAndParthenocarpyInSomeVarieties"/>
			</logic:equal>
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="passive self-pollination, wind pollination and parthenocarpy">
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)
				is capable of setting fruit or seeds in the absence of animal pollination, by means of 
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors"/>.
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.novisitors.passiveSelfPollinationWindPollinationAndParthenocarpy"/>
			</logic:equal>
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="parthenocarpy in seedless varieties and wind pollination">
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)
				is capable of setting fruit or seeds in the absence of animal pollination, by means of 
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors"/>.
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.novisitors.parthenocarpyInSeedlessVarietiesAndWindPollination"/>
			</logic:equal>
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="parthenocarpy and wind pollination">
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)
				is capable of setting fruit or seeds in the absence of animal pollination, by means of 
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors"/>.
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.novisitors.parthenocarpyAndWindPollination"/>
			</logic:equal>
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="variable levels of parthenocarpy among varieties">
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)
				is capable of setting fruit or seeds in the absence of animal pollination, by means of 
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors"/>.
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.novisitors.VariableLevelOfParthenocarpyAmongVarieties"/>
			</logic:equal>
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="variable levels of passive self-pollination among varieties">
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)
				is capable of setting fruit or seeds in the absence of animal pollination, by means of 
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors"/>.
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.novisitors.VariableLevelOfPassiveSelfPollinationAmongVarieties"/>
			</logic:equal>
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="variable passive self-pollination">
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)
				is capable of setting fruit or seeds in the absence of animal pollination, by means of 
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors"/>.
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.novisitors.VariablePassiveSelfPollination"/>
			</logic:equal>
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="variable levels of passive self-pollination and parthenocarpy that differ greatly among varieties">
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)
				is capable of setting fruit or seeds in the absence of animal pollination, by means of 
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors"/>.
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.novisitors.VariableLevelsOfPassiveSelfPollinationAndParthenocarpyGreatlyDiffersAmongVarieties"/>
			</logic:equal>
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="passive self-pollination and parthenocarpy mediated by wind or animal visitors">
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)
				is capable of setting fruit or seeds in the absence of animal pollination, by means of 
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors"/>.
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.novisitors.passiveSelfPollinationAndParthenocarpyMediatedByWindOrAnimalVisitors"/>
			</logic:equal>
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="self-pollination mediated by wind or animal visitors and passive self-pollination">
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)
				is capable of setting fruit or seeds in the absence of animal pollination, by means of 
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors"/>.
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.novisitors.selfPollinationMediatedByWindOrAnimalVisitorsAndPassiveSelfPollination"/>
			</logic:equal>
			
			<logic:equal name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors" value="self-pollination mediated by wind">
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> (<bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.scientificName"/>)
				is capable of setting fruit or seeds in the absence of animal pollination, by means of 
				<bean:write name="pollneed" property="pollinationNoVisitors"/>.
				<bean:message key="pollinationNeeds.novisitors.selfPollinationMediatedByWind"/>
			</logic:equal>
			
		</p>
		
		<!-- End of pollination in the absence of visitors -->
		
		<!-- Bibliographic references -->
		<strong>This assessment of crop pollination needs is based on the following reference:</strong>
		<p>Klein, A.-M., Vaissière, B.E., Cane, J.H., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Cunningham, S.A., Kremen, 
		   C., Tscharntke, T., 2007. Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops. 
		   Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 274, 303–313.</p>
<!-- 
		<logic:notEmpty name="pollneed" property="source">
			<p>
				<strong>This review paper cited the following references in making their assessment of crop pollination needs:</strong>
				<p><bean:write name="pollneed" property="source"/></p>
			</p>
		</logic:notEmpty>
 -->	
		<logic:present name="documents">
			<logic:notEmpty name="documents">
				<strong>This review paper cited the following references in making their assessment of crop pollination needs:</strong>
				<ul>
				<logic:iterate id="doc" name="documents">
					<li><p>
						<bean:write name="doc" property="contributors"/> &nbsp;-&nbsp;						
						<bean:write name="doc" property="title"/></p>
					</li>
				</logic:iterate>
				</ul>
			</logic:notEmpty>
		</logic:present>		
		<!-- End of bibliographic references -->

		<!-- Crop pollinators -->
		<logic:notEmpty name="pollinators">
		<p>
			<strong>
					There are undoubtedly many diverse pollinators of each crop that is dependent upon animal pollinators, 
			        although currently only a few have been positively identified up until now.  In studies in different 
			        locations around the world, the following have been seen to pollinate 
			        <bean:write name="pollneed" property="crop.commonName"/> flowers:
			</strong> 
		
			<logic:present name="pollinators">
				<ul>
				<logic:iterate id="pollinator" name="pollinators">
					<li><bean:write name="pollinator" property="scientificName"/></li>
				</logic:iterate>
				</ul>
			</logic:present>

		</p>
		</logic:notEmpty>
		<!-- End of crop pollinators -->

	
</logic:present>

 
  	
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